Category Biology

                      Flowers are coloured and perfumed to attract insects, which play an important part in pollinating them. Some plants also produce sugary liquid called nectar, which bees feed on.

                      All true flowers contain the same basic parts, although they may look very different from one flower to another. Flowers contain male organs called stamens and female organs called pistils, which contain the egg cells. Most flowers contain both types of organ, but some are either male or female. Flowers have other large and often brightly coloured parts, which we usually think of as petals. However, sometimes these parts are actually structures called sepals or even modified leaves.

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                      Flowers are a plant’s sexual reproduction organs. They have evolved in such a way to ensure that fertilization takes place and that seeds are produced.

                   Sometimes fungi attack the roots of a tree, eventually killing it. More often, however, the fungus and the tree depend on one another for food.

                    Most fungi that produce mushrooms live alongside the roots of trees or other plants. The tree roots nourish the fungus, and the fungus in return provides nutrients to the tree by breaking down dead leaves.

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                    A few mushrooms and toadstools are extremely poisonous, but most are harmless or simply do not taste good. All types of cultivated mushrooms are perfectly safe to eat. However, expert knowledge is needed to identify wild mushrooms accurately, so it can be very dangerous to experiment with them.

                A fairy ring is a circular pattern that is produced by fungi growing in grassland. As the fungus grows out from a central point it forms a circle, and at the edges of this circle the grass changes colour. Meanwhile the original fungus dies off, so all that is left is the expanding ring of fungus growing beneath the surface. Sometimes a ring of mushrooms also appears. These fairy rings keep growing for many years, perhaps even for centuries. They can reach a very large size unless they are disturbed, for example when the land is ploughed.

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