Category Science

Mars was named after the Roman god of war, because of its blood-red colour. The planet looks rusty red because its surface is covered with iron-rich soil and rock. There are no seas on Mars, and it is very cold.

Do Mars have ice at its poles?

Yes. Its south pole is mostly ‘dry ice’, which is frozen carbon dioxide gas. At the North Pole there may be frozen water, mixed with the frozen carbon dioxide. There may be frozen water underground on Mars, too.

Is it true? There is life on Mars.

No. Or at least, there’s no sure sign of any. But long ago, Mars had flowing rivers of water, so there could have been life once, and there may be fossils buried underground.

What are Mars’s   moons like?

Mars’s two tiny moons, Deimos and Phobos, are not round like our Moon. They look more like baked potatoes! They might have been asteroids (space rocks) that Mars captured with its gravity.

Amazing! There’s a record-breaking volcano on Mars. Olympus Mons is about 600 km across and towers over 25 km high. It’s the Solar System’s biggest volcano. Long ago it spurted out runny rivers of black lava.

Picture Credit : Google

It doesn’t really – it’s ball-shaped just like the Earth, but as the Moon travels around the Earth, you see different amounts of its sunlit half. It seems to change gradually from a crescent to a disc, and back again.

Why does the Moon have so many craters?

Because it has been pelted by so many space rocks and has no atmosphere to protect it. One of the biggest craters, called BailIy, is nearly 300 km across. You can make out some of the craters using a good pair of binoculars.

Amazing! You can jump higher on the Moon. The Moon’s gravity is much weaker than Earth’s. This means you would only weigh about a sixth of your Earth-weight there – and you’d be able to jump six times higher!

What is the dark side of the Moon?

It’s the part of the Moon that we can never see from Earth. The Moon takes the same time to orbit the Earth as it does to spin once. This means the same side of the Moon always faces away from the Earth.

Is it true? There are seas on the Moon.

Yes and no. There are dark, rocky plains and craters called maria (Latin for ‘seas’), but they don’t contain water. The first astronauts to visit the Moon landed on the Sea of Tranquility.

Picture Credit : Google

As far as we know, Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that has life. As well as warmth from the Sun, the other main ingredient for life is liquid water. Earth has plenty of water – in total, it covers about three-quarters of the planet’s surface!

Is it true? There was life on Earth from the start.

No. When Earth first formed it was extremely hot and there was no oxygen. Over millions of years, the planet cooled, oceans formed and oxygen was made. The first life on Earth appeared about 3 billion years ago.

What does Earth look like from space?

It looks beautiful – blue with swirling white clouds. Astronauts in space spend most of their free time gazing at it. They can even make out cities, when they are lit up at night with twinkling lights.

Amazing! The Earth is magnetic. At the centre of the Earth is a core of a molten metal called iron, which makes our planet like a giant magnet. This is what pulls the needle on a compass towards the magnetic North Pole.

Why does our sky go dark at night?

Like all planets, the Earth is spinning as it orbits the Sun. When your part of the planet is facing away from the Sun, its light is blocked out. At the same time, it is daytime for people on the opposite side of the Earth.

Picture Credit : Google

When it’s a planet! Venus is sometimes called the ‘evening star’ because it’s so bright it’s one of the first points of light we see shining as it gets dark. Planets don’t make their own light – they reflect the Sun’s light.

Is it true? Venus is bigger than the Earth.

No. Venus is a fraction smaller than the Earth, but not by much. Venus is about 12,104 km across, whereas Earth is about 650 km wider. Venus’s mass is about four-fifths of Earth’s.

How can a day be longer than a year?

A day is the amount of time a planet takes to spin on its axis, and a year is the time it takes to travel around the Sun. Venus spins on its axis very slowly, but orbits the Sun more quickly than Earth. A day on Venus lasts 243 Earth-days, but a year is only 225 Earth-days.

Amazing! Venus is named after a goddess. Venus was the name of the Roman goddess of love and beauty – just right for the planet, which many people think is the most beautiful object in the sky.

Picture Credit : Google

Solar means ‘of the Sun’. The Solar System is centered on the Sun, the shining ball in the sky. It includes the family of nine planets orbiting (travelling around) the Sun, as well as the moons of these planets, and smaller objects, such as comets, asteroids, and bits of space rock. The powerful pull of an invisible force called gravity from the Sun stops these bodies from flying off into deepest space.

Is it true? All planets have one moon.

No. Our planet Earth has one moon, called the Moon. But many of the planets have more than one. Our neighbour Mars, for instance, has two! Only the two planets closest to the Sun – Mercury and Venus – have no moons at all.

Amazing! Saturn’s not the only planet with rings. Saturn’s rings are the easiest to see, but Jupiter, Neptune and Uranus have them, too. Saturn has seven main rings, and then hundreds of thinner rings, called ringlets.

Picture Credit : Google

In deserts here on Earth, heat that has travelled 150 million km from the Sun can be hot enough to fry an egg. The Sun’s surface is a super-hot 6,000°C, and its centre or core is even hotter.

Amazing! The Sun is a star – a gigantic ball of burning gas. It has been shining for about five billion years.

Why must you never look at the Sun?

Not even sunglasses fully protect your eyes from the Sun’s dangerous ultraviolet (UV) rays. UV can burn your eyes and make you blind. If you want to see the Sun safely, ask an adult to show you how to project its image on to a sheet of paper.

Is it true? The Sun has spots.

Yes. The Sun is not the same colour all over. Some areas of its surface are darker. These spots are little pockets that are slightly cooler. Of course, sunspots are only ‘little’ compared to the Sun – some grow to be as large as Jupiter, the biggest planet in the Solar System!

When does the Sun go out?

When there’s a total eclipse. This happens when the Moon’s path takes it between the Earth and the Sun, and the Moon casts a shadow across the surface of the Earth.

Picture Credit : Google