Category Science

                         Pollination takes place when a pollen grain is deposited on the tip of a pistil. It then grows a long tube down inside the pistil that fuses with the egg cell and completes the process of fertilization.

                        Sometimes pollen is blown by the wind, and a single pollen grain is accidentally deposited on the pistil. In other flowers, insects do the same job, carrying pollen stuck to their bodies as they travel from flower to flower. In some plants, the flower is modified to force the insects feeding on nectar to brush past the stamens, collecting a large amount of pollen on their bodies as they pass by.

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                    Pollen is the plant’s equivalent of an animal’s sperms. It carries the male reproductive genes.

                    Pollen consists of tiny grains, each with a tough coat that is often patterned with characteristic ridges and spikes. When inhaled, the fine pollen causes allergies such as hay fever in some susceptible people. Pollen can be found in fossil deposits, making it possible to identify the plants that were living then – even though no actual plant fossils may be found.

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                      Flowers are coloured and perfumed to attract insects, which play an important part in pollinating them. Some plants also produce sugary liquid called nectar, which bees feed on.

                      All true flowers contain the same basic parts, although they may look very different from one flower to another. Flowers contain male organs called stamens and female organs called pistils, which contain the egg cells. Most flowers contain both types of organ, but some are either male or female. Flowers have other large and often brightly coloured parts, which we usually think of as petals. However, sometimes these parts are actually structures called sepals or even modified leaves.

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                      Flowers are a plant’s sexual reproduction organs. They have evolved in such a way to ensure that fertilization takes place and that seeds are produced.

                   Sometimes fungi attack the roots of a tree, eventually killing it. More often, however, the fungus and the tree depend on one another for food.

                    Most fungi that produce mushrooms live alongside the roots of trees or other plants. The tree roots nourish the fungus, and the fungus in return provides nutrients to the tree by breaking down dead leaves.

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