Category Science

                        Plants living in very dry regions are specially adapted to stop them from losing too much water. They have smaller leaves, which are often thin and spiny, or they may have no leaves at all as in the case of cacti. The chlorophyll in a cactus is concentrated in the plant’s fattened stems.

                      Desert plants also conserve water by having a thick waxy coat over their leaves and stems, and by storing water after the rain. Some desert plants have fat, swollen leaves or stems that are filled with water. Desert plants also have extremely long roots that burrow deep into the soil.

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                      The process of photosynthesis takes place mostly in the leaves of a plant. Leaves are large and flattened so that a large area of chlorophyll is exposed to the sunlight Leaves are also used in a process called transpiration, which helps draw water and dissolved minerals up the plant’s stem from the roots, where these substances have been absorbed from the soil. During transpiration, water evaporates through tiny holes in the leaves. More water is drawn up through a thin tube extending down the plant’s stem.

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                        Plants use a process called photosynthesis in order to change sunlight into food. Their cells contain packets of a green pigment called chlorophyll that carries out this process. During photosynthesis water and carbon dioxide from the air are converted into sugars that nourish the plant.

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                   Plants survive the cold by shutting down most of their normal processes. Some plants die back as soon as the weather becomes cold, storing food in their roots or in special organs such as bulbs. The plants are ready to grow back when the weather warms up again. Woody plants cannot do this, so they usually lose their leaves because they do not need to photosynthesize. These plants become inactive, or dormant, until the spring. Some plants have tough leathery leaves that can withstand the cold, so they just slow down their internal processes and wait for warmer weather. Some plants do not survive the winter at all, but their continuation is guaranteed because they produce resistant seeds that grow quickly in the spring.

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                          The Earth’s original atmosphere contained poisonous gases. The lack of oxygen meant that no animals could survive on the Earth. The earliest plants or plant-like bacteria began the process of photosynthesis, which releases oxygen as a waste product. This gas gradually built up in the atmosphere as the plant life spread, making it possible for oxygen-dependent animals to evolve.

                   Plants are organisms that use light as a source of energy and to produce the food they need in order to live and grow. Plant cells have a tough outer wall made of a substance called cellulose, which makes the wall rigid. This explains why plants are able to move only very gradually, unlike animals whose cells have no rigid wall.

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