Category Human Body

What are the female sex organs?

                        The female sex organs are inside a woman’s lower abdomen. The womb, or uterus, is a pear-shaped muscular organ from which two ‘horns’ run out sideways, ending with the Fallopian tubes. The neck of these tubes is funnel-shaped, and the funnels are cupped around the ovaries where the egg cells are produced. The neck of the womb leads to a short tube called the vagina, leading outside the body. Urine passes out through a short tube, the urethra, near the mouth of the vagina.

What are the male sex organs?

                         The male sex organs are the testes and the penis. The two testes are contained in a skin sac called the scrotum, hanging beneath the groin. A tube called the urethra, which is connected to both the bladder and the testes, runs through the middle of the penis. The urethra is used to pass urine and also, at a different time, to pass sperms out of the man’s body. During intercourse the penis becomes stiff as blood is pumped into a cavity called the corpus cavernosum.

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Which gland helps with digestion?

                         The pancreas is an important gland that helps with digestion. It also controls sugar levels within the body. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that flow into the intestine during the process of digestion. The pancreas also functions as an endocrine gland, releasing the hormone insulin into the blood. Insulin helps the body’s cells to use glucose, which is essential in the production of the energy that powers cells.

Which hormone affects growth?

                        Growth hormone, one of the most powerful hormones in the body, is produced in the pituitary gland. Growth hormone causes growth throughout childhood and adolescence, and it also affects the way that food substances are used to build new tissues. It stimulates cells throughout the entire body, and also causes the liver to produce special substances that activate bone and muscle growth.

                        Growth hormone is produced in differing amounts during adolescence, which is why children have a series of ‘growth spurts’ when they grow very rapidly. In adults, growth hormone acts mainly to maintain and repair the tissues.

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What is diabetes?

                     Diabetes is an illness that is caused when the body does not produce enough insulin. The result is that large amounts of glucose build up in the blood and the person has to urinate frequently to get rid of it. At the same time the loss of fluid makes the person very thirsty. A diabetic person may lose weight, because the body breaks down body fat when it cannot get energy from glucose, Sometimes the insulin shortage can be corrected by drugs or, in the case of severe diabetes, by having regular insulin injections of insulin.

What happens when I am frightened?

                        When you are frightened, hormones help to prepare you to fight or to run away. This is a primitive reaction that all human beings still have, and it can affect our day-to-day behaviour. A hormone called adrenalin is released from the adrenal glands, which are small glands attached to the kidneys. Adrenalin readies the body for instant action. It makes your heart beat faster and you breathe more deeply. The increased blood flow releases energy from the stored food materials, ready to provide power for the muscles to work.

                        Adrenalin causes the pupils of the eye to open wider, improving vision. Also, it makes digestive processes stop, allowing energy and blood to be channelled to other important areas. Blood is channelled away from the skin, so you become pale, and tiny muscles in the skin contract making your hairs stand on end, causing ‘gooseflesh’.

What are nerve impulses like?

            A nerve impulse is like a very simple message: either ‘on’ or ‘off’. Because there are so many neurones which are connected to one another, this simple signal is enough to carry the most complicated messages throughout the whole of the body’s nervous system.

Are nerves insulated?

            A nerve impulse is an electrical signal and so it needs to be insulated if it not to leak away. Most nerve fibres are covered with a fatty layer of insulation to stop the signal from leaking away. In diseases such as multiple sclerosis, some of this insulation disappears and the nerves do not have his insulation. Although these smaller nerves can still pass a message, it travels much slower than in an insulated neurone.

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What are nerve cells?

                    Nerve cells, or neurones, make up the nerves that carry messages around your body. They have a star-shaped body containing the cell nucleus, with a long thread-like fibre called the axon. The tip of the axon is branched and touches other neurones, to which it delivers messages or nerve impulses. Neurones have many smaller threads and branches called dendrites, which receive messages from other neurones.

Are there different types of nerve cell?

                 There are three types of neurone with different functions. Motor neurones control the way your muscles work. Sensory neurones carry messages from your sense organs. Connector neurones pass messages between different parts of the nervous system.

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What is acne?

                      Acne is a common skin condition causing pimples and blackheads. These appear during adolescence when the skin produces large amounts of an oily liquid called sebum. The skin’s pores can become blocked, and the sebum builds up to produce a pimple or a blackhead. Sometimes the trapped sebum becomes infected and causes an inflamed spot, which is acne.

What is a bruise?

Bleeding under the skin after a knock causes bruises. The blood spreads in the tissues beneath the skin, and at first look purplish. As the red blood cells break down and become absorbed into the bloodstream, the bruise changes colour before disappearing.