Category English Grammar

WHAT IS THE MEANING, ORIGIN, AND USAGE OF WORD ‘ADRIFT’?

Meaning: An adjective, the term “adrift” means floating without control, or drifting. If a person is adrift, he doesn’t have a clear purpose in life, he doesn’t know what he wants to do.

Origin: An English word in use from the late 16th Century, adrift is a combination of “a” meaning “in” or “on” and “drift” meaning “float or go with the current slowly”.

Usage: After losing her job, Anne was adrift, not knowing what she was going to do with her life. Rose was adrift on a raft in the Atlantic for a few days before help arrived.

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WHAT IS THE MEANING, ORIGIN, AND USAGE OF WORD ‘SCRUM’?

Meaning : The word scrum is used in sports, especially rugby, when a group of attacking players from each team come together and push against each other to try and take control of the ball. The meaning where it corresponds to a situation in which a group of people push each other to obtain something also stems from this.

Origin : The word, which has been around since 1888, is an abbreviation of scrummage, a variant of scrimmage. The transferred sense of “noisy throng” is attested from 1950.

Usage : Like rugby teams grappling in a scrum, rivalling parties were engaged in a struggle for power.

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WHAT IS THE MEANING, ORIGIN, AND USAGE OF WORD ‘BULWARK’?

Meaning: Bulwark means a defensive wall, a rampart or any protection against external danger.

Origin: The term, dating back to the early 15th Century, came from Middle Dutch bulwerke or Middle High German bolwerc, from bole “plank, tree trunk” + were “work”. Thus “bole-work,” a construction of logs. It took on the figurative meaning of defence or security from the mid-15th Century.

Usage: Vaccines act as a bulwark against many infectious diseases. When the leader travels abroad, his guards accompany him as a bulwark against enemy attack. I got drenched in the rain as I did not have an umbrella or any such bulwark to protect me from the downpour.

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WHAT IS THE MEANING, ORIGIN, AND USAGE OF WORD ‘PERPETUAL’?

Meaning : This adjective is used to refer to something as everlasting or never-ending.

Origin: It is derived from the Latin word ‘perpetuus’ which means continuing throughout. The first know use of this word can be traced back to the 14th Century.

Example: The country is in a perpetual war, with no end in sight. Activity: Use the word in a sentence of your own.

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What is ‘GOES’?

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) are satellites placed in Earth’s orbit to observe the weather on the planet’s surface.

The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Program (GOES) is a joint effort of NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

The GOES system currently consists of GOES-13, operating as GOES-East, in the eastern part of the constellation at 75 degrees west longitude and GOES-15, operating as GOES-West, at 135 degrees west longitude. The GOES-R series will maintain the two-satellite system implemented by the current GOES series. However, the locations of the operational GOES-R satellites will be 75 degrees west longitude and 137 degrees west longitude. The latter is a shift in order to eliminate conflicts with other satellite systems. The GOES-R series operational lifetime extends through December 2036.

These spacecraft help meteorologists observe and predict local weather events, including thunderstorms, tornadoes, fog, hurricanes, flash floods and other severe weather. In addition, GOES observations have proven helpful in monitoring dust storms, volcanic eruptions and forest fires.

Credit: NASA

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WHAT IS THE MEANING, ORIGIN, AND USAGE OF WORD ‘FAUX’?

Meaning : This adjective means not real or genuine; made to look like something else that is usually more valuable; not sincere.

Origin: Faux is a word borrowed from French, and meant “false”. It was used in English in this sense since the 17th Century. Around the 1980s, it began to refer to anything that is fake.

Usage: It was a show of faux concern.

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Agreement of verb with subject

One of the first things that you should pay attention to when you write is this: See that your verb agrees with the subject you have chosen to write about. What you want to write about is your choice. You can choose Sachin Tendulkar as your topic. You can choose to write about your neighbour’s pesky dog that barks all night.

Once you have made your choice about the subject, the next thing is to place a verb that matches the subject in the sentences you make.

You know that verbs change.

  1. The verb changes when the action described happened in the past.       He wrote the novel several years ago.
  2. The verb you pick depends on whether the subject is singular (he, she, it) or plural (they, you). Of course, the pronoun “I” is special and takes the verb “am” in the present tense. If your action/state of being is in the present tense, you need to write – He writes, she writes, it writes. I write, you write, we write, they write. He is, she is, it is. I am. You are, we are, they are.

What about “has” and “have”?

“Has” I used for subjects in the singular, when the action/state of being is in the present tense. He has, she has, it has “Have” is used for subjects in the plural, when the action/state of being is in the present tense.

I have, you have, we have, they have.

For actions verbs, the past tense does not make a difference. It changes to the past tense and remains the same for all subjects.

She/he/It/We/You/They wrote many letters to the government.

Read these examples to see the rules clearly

He has done his work. She has done her work. It has done its work. I have done my work. We have done our work. You have done your work. They have done their work.

“Has” and “have” are also used to show possession. Shenji (He) has a large house. I have a library at home.

As the examples above show, the rules for using “has”, “have” for showing possession are the same as the rules for using them as helping verbs.

 

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