Category Kids Queries

For the same reason that your ears might ache when you take off in a plane: The pressure outside your ear (in this case, water pressure) is greater than the air pressure inside your ear, causing your eardrum to bend painfully inward. Changes in water pressure happen much more rapidly than changes in air pressure, however, and your tears will begin to ache in as little as 5 feet (1.5 m) of water.

 In this case, there is water on the outside of this ear drum, but air on the inside. If you don’t do anything, the pressure inside will still be at atmospheric pressure. However, on the outside, the pressure will be greater. This means that the force from the inside air will not cancel with the pressure from the outside. Your ear drum doesn’t want to accelerate, so it stretches like a spring to produces a net force of zero. This stretching of the ear drum hurts.

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Dizziness is the feeling of being lightheaded, woozy, or unbalanced. It affects the sensory organs, specifically the eyes and ears, so it can sometimes cause fainting. Dizziness isn’t a disease, but rather a symptom of various disorders.

Causes of dizziness include:

• sudden drop in blood pressure
• heart muscle disease
• decrease in blood volume
• anxiety disorder
• anemia (low iron)
• hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• ear infection
• dehydration
• heat stroke
• excessive exercise
• motion sickness

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Plane cabins are pumped with air to simulate altitudes of around 7,000 feet (2 km) rather than sea level, and it takes 20 minutes or so for a plane to reach its cruising altitude and interior pressure setting. That means passengers typically experience a gradual decrease in air pressure at the beginning of a flight and gradual increase at the end, provided the destination airport is lower than 7,000 feet (2 km). That gradual change in pressure is similar to what you feel when cruising up or down mountain roads or riding up or down a tall building in a fast elevator. Behind your eardrums are small air-filled chambers that connected to your throat through tiny tubes. When the air pressure outside your eardrum changes, air moves through the tiny tubes to equalize the pressure inside your head. That movement of air creates a popping sensation. Sometimes, if you have a cold or allergies gumming up your noggin’s empty spaces, your ears won’t equalize quickly enough, causing louder pops and bursts of pain as air presses against your eardrum.

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Your ears do more than just hear your brother’s burps and act as earring supports. They contain special organs that help you detect your motion, tell up from down, and keep you from tumbling when you trip. Whenever you move or tilt your head, fluid moving through canals in your inner ear interacts with tiny hairs along the canal walls, telling your brain that you’re in motion. When you spin in circles, the fluid spins right along with you. Stop and fluid keeps spinning, sloshing against the hairs and making your brain think you’re still spinning – which causes the feeling of dizziness.

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Doctors have a name for that fuzzy feeling in your head when you leap to your feet from a sitting position: ‘’orthostatic hypotension.’’ When you stand up quickly, gravity causes blood to settle in the lower parts of your legs and lower torso. Your body tries to equalize blood pressure to your upper torso, arms, and head, which results in a sudden drop in blood pressure and a few seconds of feeling faint. 

Many disorders can cause problems with blood pressure regulation and lead to dizziness when standing up. Categories of causes include

• Malfunction of the autonomic nervous system due to disorders or drugs
• Decreased ability of the heart to pump blood
• Decreased blood volume (hypovolemia)
• Faulty hormonal responses

Causes differ depending on whether symptoms are new or have been present for some time.

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You must have a ‘’photic sneeze reflex,’’ a condition that causes you to sneeze uncontrollably when suddenly exposed to bright light. About one in five people have it, although scientists aren’t sure why.

Researchers suspect that two important reflexes may play a key role in sun sneezing. The first is the pupillary light reflex. In this reflex, bright light entering the eyes sends signals along the optic nerve to the brain, which sends signals back to the eyes to constrict the pupils—a means of adjusting to differently lit environments. The second is the sneeze reflex, in which a cranial nerve called the trigeminal nerve detects a tickling in the nose and alerts the brain, which in turn stimulates the chest, nose, mouth and other muscles involved in sneezing.

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